Pulmonary embolism is a sudden blockage of an artery in the lung. The blockage is due to a blood clot in the pulmonary artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. Pulmonary embolism is considered a potentially life-threatening and serious condition requiring immediate medical intervention. The seriousness of the condition varies with the size of the blood clot. The chance of surviving a pulmonary embolism is greater if you are diagnosed and treated quickly.
Causes
A pulmonary embolism is primarily caused due to a blood clot that originates in the veins that are deep in your muscles (mainly in your legs). This condition is termed a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The factors that increase the chances of developing DVT and in turn cause pulmonary embolism are genetic inheritance, any major surgery in your medical history, cancer, hip or leg fractures, history of stroke or heart attack, obesity, smoking, taking contraceptive pills, etc.
Symptoms
The common symptoms of pulmonary embolism are sharp chest pain radiating towards your shoulder, neck, arm, and jaws; coughing; shortness of breath; sweating; dizziness; restlessness; anxiety; fast heartbeat; fainting and feeling lightheaded.
Diagnosis
The doctor first enquires about your general health condition, medical history, and the symptoms. After conducting a physical examination, your doctor may order tests for chest X-ray and ECG. CT scan, ELISA, venography, and ultrasound may be required to determine the level of complication. You might also be recommended to undergo pulmonary angiography to get a clear picture of blood vessels.
Treatment
There are various effective treatment methods for pulmonary embolism. Treatment is started immediately after the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism to avoid any risk or complications which might lead to death. Oxygen is given immediately to aid the breathlessness. Your vascular surgeon will advise the best treatment option depending on the severity of your condition.
Various options include:
Anticoagulants
Your doctor may recommend anticoagulant medication for thinning the blood. Anticoagulants prevent the formation of new clots and break/dissolve the clots that are already formed.
Filters
Your doctor places medical filters in the large vein (inferior vena cava) by inserting them via a thin tube. This procedure may be recommended if anticoagulants are found insufficient for the treatment. Or, if you are a person where anticoagulant treatment is not preferred (pregnant), then your doctor may prefer treatment with filters.
Catheter
This treatment option is called suction thrombectomy and involves the insertion of a catheter to deliver a high-pressure stream of saline solution to remove and break up the clot. Sometimes, instruments on the end of the catheter are also used to mechanically break up the clot.
Surgery
Rarely, your surgeon may recommend removal of the clot by a surgery called pulmonary embolectomy, if other treatment measures are not effective. Your surgeon uses a catheter to break the clot and facilitate the flow of blood.
Prevention
Prevention of pulmonary embolism starts with the prevention of DVT. The following steps can be taken to prevent the risk of pulmonary embolism:
- Practice daily physical exercise and keep yourself active
- Adopt good eating habits and a healthy lifestyle
- Compliance with anticoagulant medicines after certain surgeries
Why Choose Signet Heart Group for Pulmonary Embolism
After a pulmonary embolism, you need careful follow-up to prevent another clot. Here is how our team helps:
- Vascular ultrasound: We offer peripheral vascular ultrasound in our office, which can look for blood clots in your legs.
- Clear guidance on treatment: We explain your blood thinner plan and, when needed, other options such as an IVC filter, so you understand each step.
- Heart function checks: An echocardiogram can show whether a clot has strained the right side of your heart.
- Vascular expertise: Our team includes cardiologists with board certification in endovascular disease and vascular imaging.
Pulmonary Embolism FAQs
What are the warning signs of a pulmonary embolism?
Sudden shortness of breath, sharp chest pain that worsens with a deep breath, a rapid heartbeat, and coughing up blood can all be signs. Call your local emergency number right away if you have these symptoms.
How long will I need a blood thinner?
Many people take a blood thinner for at least three months. Your doctor will decide how long based on what caused the clot and your risk of another one.
Can a pulmonary embolism happen again?
Yes, especially if the cause is ongoing. Following your treatment plan and staying active help lower your risk.
Should I watch for clots in my legs?
Yes. Swelling, pain, warmth, or redness in one leg can be a sign of deep vein thrombosis, which can lead to a pulmonary embolism. Contact your doctor promptly if you notice these symptoms.
Schedule Your Visit
If you are recovering from a pulmonary embolism or have had blood clots, call Signet Heart Group at or request an appointment online. You can visit us in Sherman, Anna, or Dallas, Texas, or Durant, Oklahoma.
